Outpost of Empire

In response to: What are the competing arguments about the foundations of Australia?

The foundation of which Australia was founded is quite controversial as there are many theories, each of which have caused much debate amongst historians. Firstly, Crime and Punishment in eighteenth century if normally viewed as the reasoning for establishing a colony in Australia. In Britain, there was much social unrest and over crowding was a commonality within prisons. Between 1772 to 1778, England’s prison population doubled. As a result, many argued that transportation of convicts was needed. In 1786, Viscount Sydney announced Botany Bay as a convict settlement. Though there is little documentation over the decision, this theory is primarily used as a way in which Australia was founded. Australia was seen merely as a “dumping ground” and this theory is furthered due to the fact the US could no longer be used as a convict settlement due to the American Revolution. However, in contrast, many historians argue that the settlement of Australia was strategically planned and was in the interest of the British Empire. Britain at the time was in fierce battle with other European powers such as France, over exploration. Therefore the settlement of the British in Botany Bay was not to just ‘dump’ convicts, but rather create a colony that would benefit the British. In addition, it would open up many new trading networks in the east. This included strategic trading with China and other Asian states. Though Blainey argues that Britain’s need for a naval base and supplies were needed in the region, it is important to understand that the relationship between Australia and Britain was quite complex. Today many Australian’s find humor, but more importantly pride, that they’re heritage is from convicts who were able to help create a nation. Therefore it can be argued that Australia was in some ways a ‘dumping ground’ however, its importance due to location, and the growing power of the British Empire are of crucial importance to the foundations on which Australia was founded.

Arrival of Convicts in Botany Bay

Source: http://cache2.allpostersimages.com/p/LRG/14/1457/X1BQ000Z/posters/fox-emanuel-phillips-capt-cook-landing-at-botany-bay.jpg